Hello @David, again briefly summarized:
1. Half duplex and full duplex
Half duplex Ethernet is based on the CSMA / CD method. It is the original Ethernet up to 10 Mbps. Full-duplex Ethernet is a further development called Fast Ethernet and dispenses with CSMA / CD. All other Ethernet developments also work in full-duplex mode. The stations communicate directly with each other via point-to-point connections.
Because Fast Ethernet typically works in full-duplex mode and thus does not use CSMA / CD, additional flow control is required. There is a separate standard for this: IEEE 802.3x (Flow Control).
(CSMA / CD - Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
2.Flow Control
Because Fast Ethernet typically operates in full-duplex mode and thus does not use CSMA / CD, additional flow control is required.
The reason: If a host gets too many data packets and no longer complies with the processing, then there is a risk that the data packets are partially discarded. With the flow control, this host can signal the remote station to pause transmission. The affected host sends the causer a pause package. Either to a specific multicast MAC address or directly to the MAC address of the originator. In the PAUSE package is then the desired waiting time.
For example, a switch has 32 Gigabit ports, but only 10 Gbit / s of internal bandwidth. With a PAUSE package, the switch can tell the hosts to send at a slower rate. If the hosts stick to it, the switch discards fewer data packets. This prevents the network from being flooded with repeatedly sent data packets.
3.Auto-negotiation
With auto-negotiation, Ethernet hosts can automatically detect the Ethernet variant of the remote site at the other end of the line. Often, auto-negotiation is also referred to as auto-sensing.
Auto-negotiation became necessary because the transition from 10Base-T to 100Base-TX usually ended in a mixed operation. For this reason, Fast Ethernet components consistently dominate auto-negotiation.
To avoid problems with auto-negotiation, one should operate the network stations either with auto-negotiation or set to a fixed transmission mode. Problems usually only occur when mixing full-duplex and half-duplex components.
4. Every home network has a different constellation, a troubleshooting is time-consuming and it takes know-how!
To make such a general error diagnosis over a network, which one knows only from descriptions and statements, will run in nirvana and deliver no reasonable results!
Sorry, opinion from years of experience in the business!
PS.
What was not mentioned yet are network hardware defects:
-Defective cables
-Kinked cables, or bruises
-Interruptions in the cable
-Wrong mounted plugs, or network outlets
-Defects switch (not immediately recognizable)
.................
1. Half duplex and full duplex
Half duplex Ethernet is based on the CSMA / CD method. It is the original Ethernet up to 10 Mbps. Full-duplex Ethernet is a further development called Fast Ethernet and dispenses with CSMA / CD. All other Ethernet developments also work in full-duplex mode. The stations communicate directly with each other via point-to-point connections.
Because Fast Ethernet typically works in full-duplex mode and thus does not use CSMA / CD, additional flow control is required. There is a separate standard for this: IEEE 802.3x (Flow Control).
(CSMA / CD - Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
2.Flow Control
Because Fast Ethernet typically operates in full-duplex mode and thus does not use CSMA / CD, additional flow control is required.
The reason: If a host gets too many data packets and no longer complies with the processing, then there is a risk that the data packets are partially discarded. With the flow control, this host can signal the remote station to pause transmission. The affected host sends the causer a pause package. Either to a specific multicast MAC address or directly to the MAC address of the originator. In the PAUSE package is then the desired waiting time.
For example, a switch has 32 Gigabit ports, but only 10 Gbit / s of internal bandwidth. With a PAUSE package, the switch can tell the hosts to send at a slower rate. If the hosts stick to it, the switch discards fewer data packets. This prevents the network from being flooded with repeatedly sent data packets.
3.Auto-negotiation
With auto-negotiation, Ethernet hosts can automatically detect the Ethernet variant of the remote site at the other end of the line. Often, auto-negotiation is also referred to as auto-sensing.
Auto-negotiation became necessary because the transition from 10Base-T to 100Base-TX usually ended in a mixed operation. For this reason, Fast Ethernet components consistently dominate auto-negotiation.
To avoid problems with auto-negotiation, one should operate the network stations either with auto-negotiation or set to a fixed transmission mode. Problems usually only occur when mixing full-duplex and half-duplex components.
4. Every home network has a different constellation, a troubleshooting is time-consuming and it takes know-how!
To make such a general error diagnosis over a network, which one knows only from descriptions and statements, will run in nirvana and deliver no reasonable results!
Sorry, opinion from years of experience in the business!
PS.
What was not mentioned yet are network hardware defects:
-Defective cables
-Kinked cables, or bruises
-Interruptions in the cable
-Wrong mounted plugs, or network outlets
-Defects switch (not immediately recognizable)
.................
Aavik U-280 / Audio Physic Cardeas / Melco N1ZS + D100 / Melco Switch S100 / KECES P8 Dual / Transparent Audio PowerWave X / Cable: Audioquest, Shunyata, Transparent, Ansuz Digitalz A2 Ethernet, USB
Remote: iPad-Pro
Roon Nucleus+(B), Lifetime / Qobuz Studio Sublime
Remote: iPad-Pro
Roon Nucleus+(B), Lifetime / Qobuz Studio Sublime
Germany / Bavaria
